Lighting timer and controller
Device that turns the aquarium lights on and off at scheduled times. Fundamental for a constant photoperiod and for the health of plants and corals.
Detailed explanation
A constant photoperiod is essential. Plants and corals adapt to a regular light/dark cycle. Irregular changes cause stress and encourage algae.
Mechanical timers (cheap, 5-10 euros) work well for simple lights. Digital timers allow more complex programming (sunrise/sunset, midday break).
Modern LEDs (Radion, AI, Kessil) have an integrated timer that can be programmed from the app. No need for an external timer.
The recommended photoperiod: 6-8 hours for algae aquariums, 8-10 hours for planted aquariums with CO2, 8-12 hours for the reef (variable with intensity).
Gradual sunrise and sunset (ramp-up/ramp-down of 30-60 minutes) avoid the light shock that scares fish.